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since in this case the scale is on similar level, requiring for different definition of stress

concentration, if any.

It is likely that another approach for calculation of loaded components is necessary at

nano level, but before that or in the same time new properties should be discovered

similarly to the case of ship.

The experimental technique and equipment, together with computers and softwares,

achieved nowadays so impressive level that almost everything can be modelled and

analysed virtually. But that implies necessary change of approach in regard security,

safety and reliability, expressed already by the number of scientist and number of

published papers in this range.

In this situation the problem how to transfer the fracture process characteristics to

different scale (Fig. 1) became significant /1, 19, 21/.

REFERENCES

D. D. Cioclov: ”Nanomechanics of Materials”, Reprint from BID-ISIM ”Welding and Material

Testing”, No 2; 3; 4/2007 and 1/2008, ISIM, Timisoara, 2008.

R.W. Nichols: “The use of fracture mechanics as an engineering tool”, The 1984 ICF Honour

Lecture, ICF 6, New Delhi, India, 1984.

S. Sedmak: “Crack problems in welded structures”, IFMASS 9 monograph “The challenge

of materials and weldments”, Eds. S. Sedmak, Z. Radaković, J. Lozanović, MF, DIVK,

TMF, Institut Goša, Beograd, 2008.

“The Hitchhiker’s Guide to Nanotechnology” – Internet

M. Boyd: “Fracture design practices for ship structures” in “Fracture”, Vol. V, edited by H.

Liebovitz, Academic Press, New York, 1969.

W. S. Pellini: “Guidelines for fracture-safe and fatigue-reliable design of steel structures”, The

Welding Institute, Abington Hall, Abington, Cambridge CB1 6AL, England, 1983.

C.E. Inglis: “Stresses in a plate due to the presence of cracks and sharp corners”, Transactions

of the Institute of Naval Architects 55: 219, 1913.

A.A.Griffith: “The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids”, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London.

A, 221: 163-198, 1920.

G.R.Irwin, J.A.Kies: “Fracturing and fracture dynamics”, Welding Journal. Res. Sup. 31(2):

95s-100s, 1952.

10. J. F. Knott: “Fundamentals of fracture mechanics”, Buthersword, London, 1973.

11. ESIS Procedure for Determining the Fracture Behaviour of Materials ESIS P2-92, TC1, 1992.

12. J.R. Rice: “Mathematical analysis in the mechanics of fracture”, Fracture – an advanced

treatise, Vol. II, H. Lieboviz (ed.), Academic, New York, pp. 191-308, 1968.

13. E.Orowan: “Energy criteria of fracture”, Welding Journal. Res. Sup. 34(3). 1955. 157s-160s

14. K. Gerić: “Prsline u zavarenim spojevima” – Monografija, (Cracks in welded joints –

Monograph), FTN Izdavaštvo, Novi Sad, 2005.

15. US-Yugoslav joint project "Fracture mechanics of weldments", Annual reports, Faculty of

Technology and Metallurgy, Beograd, Principal investigator S. Sedmak, 1982-1992.

16. R.P. Reed, H.I. MacHenry, M.B. Kasen: “A fracture mechanics evaluation of flaws in pipeline

girth welds”, Welding Research Council Bulletin, No 245, 1979.

17. SINTAP: Structural Integrity Assessment Procedure, Final Report, EU-Project BE 95-1462.

Brite Euram Programme, Brussels, 1999.

18. N.Gubeljak, U.Zerbst: “SINTAP- Structural INTegrity Assessment Procedure”, IFMASS 8

monograph “From fracture mechanics to structural integrity assessment”, ed. Z. Radaković

and S. Sedmak, DIVK, TMF, Beograd, 2004.

19. G.C.Sih: “Spatial and temporal scaling affected by system inhomogeneity: atomic,

microscopic and macroscopic”, ECF16, Alexandroupolis, 2006 (on disc)